Superlinear growth reveals the Allee effect in tumors

Integrating experimental data into ecological models plays a central role in understanding biological mechanisms that drive tumor progression where such knowledge can be used to develop new therapeutic strategies. While the current studies emphasize of competition among cells, they fail explain recently observed super-linear growth dynamics across human tumors. Here we study by developing model incorporates evolutionary inside tumors with tumor-microenvironment interactions. Our results reveal cells' ability manipulate environment and induce angiogenesis drives -- process compatible Allee effect. In light this understanding, our suggests for high-risk have higher rate, suppressing appropriate intervention.